Mao- The Chinese Leader. ( 1893-1976)
(1) Leader of Agriculture Revolution in China.. Russia funded for peasant revolution.--- poor villagers used this opportunity to became masters- assaulting wealthy & powerful.. creating a reign of terror. Local pastors were paraded through streets as running dogs of imperialism—their hands bound behind their backs with a rope around their necks. Churches were looted…M was enthralled by violence—made a bold prediction.. forseeing how several hundred millions peasant will rise like a mighty storm.. will destroy all obstacles in their way of liberation.. They will sweep all the imperialists, war lords, corrupt officials, local tyrants,etc….
(2) M worked as librarian, a teacher, a publisher & a labour activists…one who has potenalities to lead peasants to liberation.. turned away from the Russian model..april 1927-- Chiang Kai Shek launched bloody purge in which hundreds of communists executed…. M went underground with1500 people… to mobilze raw power ofpoor peasants.. plunder local resources.. became experts in guerrilla warfare, using ambushes…raids..mobile troops of nationalists..
(3) Ideological clashes with central committee—dim look at Mao's tactic as unorthodox.. Zhou Enlai- described M troops as ' just bandits who roam here & there.. M knew how to work witk Kulak scum..
(4) 7th Nov 1931 M proclaimed a soviet republic in mountainous area of Jiangxi province.. finance by Moscow.. own coins,paper money & stamps.. with 30 lacks subjects.. failed . In 1935.. again long March with only 8000 men with M..200 mllions in11 provinces..
(5) Stalin encouraged united fronts with those who are in Power instead of overthrowing them.. M declared great leder by Stalin..
(6) Edgar Snow wrote about Mao.. mysterious leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). An omnivorous reader, જે કંઇ મલે તે વાંચનાર. A deep student of philosophy & history good speaker, man with an unusual memory , extraordinary of concentration, an able writer.. careless in personal habit,, a man of tireless energy, a military & political strategist of considerable genius.. a child of soil, a man of simple habit, growing own tobacco leaves.. down to earth.. a man of detiny.. potenalities to become a great man…
(7) In 1937 Japan invaded China- J army destroyed , attack, displace nationalist troops.. s..Hundreds of civilians & military man killed by Japan's army..Shanghai & Nanjing.. cities dstroyed.. Stalin stood by M. Published his life of 17 years of fighting. M promised a multi party system… democratic freedom & protection of private property—which was entirely a fictitious programme.. but held popular appeal..p..99. M actually intimidate the whole party with violence & terror..to uproot any individual independent thought.. to make the subject the whole party to the single authority of M. Thousands of suspects were locked up, investigated, tortured, purged, occasionally executed. The spine- chilling howls of people imprisoned in caves could be heard at night.
(8) Central general study committee converted communist party into Mao's personal dictatorhip. Zhou Enlai managed to emerge from the ordeal as Mao's faithful assistance, determined never to oppose M again. M never or rarely shot his rivals but turning them permanently on probabition..
(9) Date of party foundation- 1st July 1943.. green light for an unlimited cult of personality. All had to acclaim Mao & all had to study Mao… praised as ' a great revolutionary leader.. master of Marxism – Leninism.. a saving Star, a Genius strategist & politician.. Party Mouth Piece Paper " Liberation Daily" proclaimed Mao as the saviour of the Chinese people.. Protraits of Mao everywhere.. Displayed next to K. Marx, Angles. Lenin & Stalin.. " The east is Red, the sun is rising, China has Brought Forth a Mao Zedong; He seeks the people's Happiness. M thought enshrined in the party constitution. M as the great statesman, theoretician & scientist in all of Chinese history.. M at long last had turned the party into an instrument of his own will.
(10)By the end of 1949, after a long & bloody military conquest, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed…red flag fluttered over Beijing. Following months M appeared in portrait in schools, factories, offices, It is made compulsory to study thoughts of M for all citizen…p..102.. loudspeakers blasted in streets corners.. railway stations in all major institutions..
(11)M.. emulated Stalin, seeing the key to wealth & power in the collectivisation of agriculture, the elimination of private property, all pervasive control of the lives of the ordinary people & huge expenditures on national defence. Close to 2 millions people were physically liquidated, many more stigmatized as exploiters & class enemies..
(12)In urban China people were given label for their indentifacation as " good, wavering & hostile people.. A class label determined a person's access to food, education, health care, employment. Label of Hostile were stigmatized for life & beyond, since the label was passed on to children…p,,103..
(13) A great terror followed from October 1950 to 1951, as the regime turned against counter- revolutionaries, spies, bandits, & others who are standing in the way of revolution. Mao fixed killing quota at one per thousand of population at random. Massive purge to government servants.. All organizations operating outside the party religious communities, philanthropic societies, independent chambers of commerce, civil associations were eliminated by 1953.
(14) M posed as the man of Renaissence, a philosopher sage, & poet raped in one… 19th ancient poems..historic breakthrough in literary history.. " Revolution is not a dinner party, Power comes from the barrel of a gun, Imperialism is a paper tiger..".p..105. M like Stalin, was a remote, God like figure, rarely seen, rarely heard, ensconced deep within the forbidden city that once occupied by the emperors. M personal appearance was deceptive..
(15) Land reforms means transform villages into bonded servants.. p..108.. In the cities all commerce & industry became functions of the state. Small shops, private enterprise & large industries once & for all expropriated. Resulted into vast devastating effects on economy & caused large scale popular discontent..
(16) What is wrong with worship. The truth is in our hands. Why should we not worship it? Each group must worship its leader— We must have blind faith in the chairman. Its correct cult of personality.. M absolutely loyalty converted all in to a flatterer.1959,grat leap forward was the disaster… " As his disgrace within the party grew so did his hunger for approval.. Mao will take credit for every achievement but blame to others for hid failures. 3.6 millions party men were purged for speaking against Great leap forward. Tens of millions of people were starved to death in that project.. It was the man made disaster… M feared that he will meet same fate after his death as of Stalin done by Nikta Khrushchew.p..111.
(17) How Mao prepared masses for counter attack to Counter Revolutionaries—(CR) CR forces are everywhere--- C R trying to lead the nation back onto the roads towards Capitalism…. M launched a Socialist Education Campaign with the moto…..' Never forget Class Struggle… A campaign started in name a dead soldier named as " Lei Feng" His posthumous diary published in million copies..across country.. L Feng explained how the blood given by the party & Chairman Mao has penetrated every cell of my body.. M also appered in his vision or dream also.. " Yesterday I had dream, in it I saw C Mao. Like compassionate father he struck my head with a smile & spoke to me.. Do a good job in study; be forever loyal to the party, loyal to people.. My joy was overwhelming, I tried to speak but could not.. L Feng as a model communist… Plays, songs, movies composed & produced, published.. Storytellers roamed the villages to enthrall illiterate villagers with L F love for Chairman M. A Lei Feng exhibition opened at the Beijing Army Museum. " Learn from Comrade Lei Feng." L F was poor man's Mao, a simplified M for the masses…p..111. L F used for creating sympathy for M .. apathy caused by great famine.. create hatred for class enemies..Soldiers were asked to memory short passages from M collected writings…
(18) Read M''s books.. Listen's M words… Act according to M's instructions… be a good fighter for M…. Millions of copies distributed of the Quotations of C Mao… Army used to control civil society class enemies.. Military summer camps for students & workers… " In primary schools children were taught how to use airguns y shooting at portraits of Chiang –Kai –Shek.. & American Imperialists. Senior students learned how to throw grenades & shoot with live bullets.. 10000 universities & 50000 schools participated in this projects.. china exploded its first Atom bomb in October 1964…p..113
(19)M started Cultural Revolution in spring 1966.. To avoid effects of economic disaster—C Mao focused on now culture.. Capitalist were gone, their property confiscated but capitalist culture remains..So M wanted to eliminate capitalist culture,- against Nikita K revisionists actions… Real facts—secret behind cultural revolution—" to get rid of his real & imaginary enemies..p..113.. to Rebel is justified.. To destroy all old ideas, old culture, customs, & old habits of exploiting classes…
(20)This they did with joy & pleasure, as they burned books, overturned tombstones in cemeteries, tore down temples, vandalized churches, & more signed of past.. including street names & shop signs.. searched 2.50000 personal houses in Shanghai alone, ordinary books, family photographs, antique bronzes or rare scrolls.. Only acceptable culture of Mao cult.. related slogans.. New slogans…. " Our Great teacher, Great Leader, Great commander, Long livr Chairman Mao.." Quotations were painted on the outsides of buses, lorries, cars & vans…. The whole Chinese world drenched in Red.. all senses were bombarded.. In air hostesses speak M quotations in Plane… Use of Loudspeaker with full volume.. Use of revolutionary gangs paraded in cities.. Politically safe commodities to sale—M photo, badges, posters, books Entire industry converted in to producing cult objects..p..116..
(21) In August 1966 the ministry of trade curbed productions of plastic shoes, slippers, toys,etc.. badges became symbols of loyalty to C Mao..
(22) Final phase of cultural revolution- internal fights between common people & party workers, & military leaders.. all opposed each other.. fighting in streets with rifles & machine guns… anto aircraft artillery.. M improvised millions of life in this game of cults..A mere utterance of his decided fates of countless peoples.. as he declared one or another counter revolutionary.. Cult of M used to bring order & discipline.. a loyalty dance…. Scare resources of the nation were expended in informal competitions… 900 tonnes of tinplated used military rule in the state.. Schools, factories & govt units run by military people.. માઓના ગદ્દારો માટેની ગાળો.. a Renegade , traitor, scab hiding in the party, running dog o imperialism, modern revisionism, nationalist reactionaries..
(23) 1972 USA President Nixon visited China… anti imperialist slogan tonned down where N to visit…p120.. New Slogan " Great Unity of the Peoples of the world.. thousands of statues dismantled.. discreetly sent off for cycling.. Leaders of countries from Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia soon flocked to Beijing all seeking recognition..
(24) When Zhou Enlai was diagnosed with Cancer M refused to approve his treatment, allowing him to die in early 1976.
(25) M died on 09-09-1976 midnight past.
(26) મૃત્યુ પછી શોક પ્રદર્શન કરવાનું નાટક– throwing oneself on the ground in front of Coffin—Absence of tears was a disgrace to the family.. sometimes actors are hired..encouraging other mourners to join… in without feeling embarrassed… many knew how to cry on demand..
(27) People show less contrition પોતાના પાપનો પસ્તાવો કરનારા in private.. Liquor sold out overnight in liquor shops in Yunan capital of Kunming.. People locked their doors & enjoyed death of M with liquor with fiends & relatives..Same people remain present in public memorial service where they cried as if they were heartbroken.. Little girl confused by adult expression---- everybody looked so sad in public; while my father was so happy the night before…
(28)M.N. Roy on Mao… But intellectually Mao reaches nowhere near Lenin's calibre.. nor his personality so strking. One is lovable another is laudable વખાણવાલાયક.. Mao is not a dreamer, but a practical politician; and as such typically Chinese… He was a man of decisive importance in the critical period of the revolution..Problem with Mao—How could foreigners have any idea of the Chinese reality? Broadening & deepening of revolution, Social revolution first before political revolution… " Mao left as abruptly as he had come. A man who evidently knew what he wanted and was not to be deflected સીધો રસ્તો છોડીને ફંટાઇને જવું..Either by reason or by authority--- born to be a dictator. Mao might be predisposed once again to place " the Chinese reality" above Communist utopia, if he was given a chance.. So the perspective is that Communism in China & the rest of Asia will take over all the ugly features of nationalism but for its own purposes…
(29) M.N. Roy on Chou En-Lei.. C E Lei was a dominating personality with the necessary physical apperaence, tall, extremely handsome, a persuasive speaker who spoiled a skillfully builtup case by stubbornness. He appeared to be honestly convinced that Chiang Kai –shek wasa sincere revolutionary; that to preserve the cohesion of the army was the most important task to gurantee the triumph of the National Revolution.. & that to do anything which might weaken the growing power of Chiang Kai Shek & the Kuomintang was to betray revolution..
